The Digestive Systems Of Animals - 1315 Words

Part 1. An animal that feeds on a large meal undergoes numerous changes that affect its other physiological systems. Discuss how the digestive process impinges on other systems including, but not limited to, thermal physiology, reproductive physiology, the circulatory system, the cardiovascular system, the respiratory system, kidney function and excretion, liver function, and the endocrine system. When an animal feeds on a large meal many things happen, the digestive system is all about getting the feed into their body, digesting the feed, absorbing the nutrients they need, and elimination of the materials that they don’t need. Ruminants and monogastrics are the two main categories that the digestive systems of animals are divided into.†¦show more content†¦Rabbits, hamsters, and a few other animals have a functional cecum, which makes it easier for the animal to digest roughage in feeds. The animals that do not have a function cecum have a limited ability when it co mes to digesting roughage in feeds. For the digestive process, it too begins with feed being in the mouth and then it goes down to the esophagus to the stomach. The feed then goes on to the small intestines and afterwards the feed goes to the cecum. Where there is a functional cecum further absorption takes place, where there is not a functional cecum, feed moves through the digestive system. The feed continues to be moved through the cecum and into the large intestine, and the other portion of the feed goes to be formed as feces. This then leaves the body through the anus. Hormones that have larger roles in other physiological systems have crucial functions in reproduction. When an animal feeds on a large meal, the food it is consuming has cholesterol and steroid hormones are all derived from cholesterol. When it comes to the animal reproductive physiology, steroid hormones are critical regulators. The circulatory system is an organ system that allows blood to circulate a nd transport nutrients. The heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins are the main components of the circulatory system. The organs that are in the digestive system require the circulatory system to continue to digestShow MoreRelatedComparing the Digestive Systems of Animals Essay1012 Words   |  5 PagesComparing the digestive systems of Animals Sophie Gaft (11) Biology Question 1: A Choose one animal from the list of carnivorous animals and one from the list of herbivorous animals. Compare the structural differences between the two digestive systems. Comparison of a rabbit and cat’s digestive system. Rabbit (Lepus curpaeums): Unlike a cat, a rabbit eats a wide variety of plant material. They can process and extract nutrients from many plants that are otherwise indigestible from other herbivoresRead MoreA Brief Note On Animal And Digestive Systems Essay1018 Words   |  5 PagesNutri1: Animal digestive systems. There are three different types of digestive tract: monogastics, the most suitable type of digestive tract for carnivores and omnivores; Ruminant, used for herbivores, containing four stomach chambers instead of the singular used for monogastics and hindgut fermenters; lastly hindgut fermenters, a tract used for a majority of herbivores with the exception of large avian species which has an extremely long large intestine. Although there are three tracts in totalRead MoreAll Animals And Humans Have A Digestive System Essay1318 Words   |  6 PagesAll animals and humans have a digestive system. The purpose of a digestive system is to digest and absorb. Digestion is the process by which food is broken down into small molecules, these small molecules are then absorbed into the body. The digestive system has two main parts, the digestive tract and accessory organs. According to Cliffs notes (https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/anatomy-and-physiology/the-digestive-system/function-o f-the-digestive-system) the digestive system has seven mainRead MoreA Brief Look at Zebras731 Words   |  3 Pagestheir food. Length and complexity of digestive system Zebras have a very strong but simple digestive system. It takes a while for zebras to absorb nutrients so that is why they eat for most of the day. It takes up to 12 hours for full digestion to take place in a zebra. Their digestive systems also contain a lot of microbes so that they are able to break down their food as it is all plant matter and the microbes help to break down cell walls. Their digestive systems are made to digest food that is richRead MoreThe Systems Used by Plants and Animals to Stay Alive795 Words   |  3 PagesPlants and animals have many systems that they use daily stay alive. The nervous system is a network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body. The endocrine system are a bunch of glands that produce endocrine secretions that help control bodily metabolic activity. This includes pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, islets of Langerhans, ovaries, and testes. Plants dont have a nervous or endocrine system. However they do have substitutes. Animals do haveRead MoreExploring The Digestive System Of Both A Human And A Wild Rabbit Essay1596 Words   |  7 PagesIn this essay I will be exploring the digestive system of both a human and a wild rabbit. Digestion is the process of breaking down food so that the body can use the food’s nutrients to help the body function (Pearson Science, 2011). The wild rabbit is an herbivore during the warmer seasons its diet consists of grass, weeds, clovers, wildflowers and vegetable plants. They also try and search for fruit and crops to eat. Whereas when the weather t urns cold, wild rabbits will munch on twigs, buds, barkRead MoreAnimal And Plant Health Inspection Service1232 Words   |  5 Pagesaround the globe - specifically producers raising ruminant animals. Currently, there is no available cure or medical treatment that can stop this disease. A producer’s best defense mechanism is to prevent the disease from reaching his/her herd, and to eliminate any infected animals at the first symptoms of the disease. The disease I am referring to is Johne’s Disease. Johne’s Disease, according to the United State Department of Agriculture – Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, is â€Å"a contagiousRead MorePeople Should Not Eat Meat853 Words   |  4 Pagesmeat by humans creates several problems. First and foremost, raising animals for food compromises the environment. For example, it takes a large amount of natural resources to sustain the meat industry. The use of water, land, and food to raise animals for hum an consumption is not an efficient use of our limited resources. In contrast, it is more efficient to feed humans directly than to use land, food, and water to feed animals to be used as food. There are shortages of fertile land, clean waterRead MoreEating Meat Is Ethical Essay examples1190 Words   |  5 Pagesaren’t we are designed to be an omnivore? Our teeth and digestive system serve the purpose of breaking down animal and plant foods and to bring these important nutrients to every part of the body. Despite the fact that, in 2011, U.S. meat and poultry production reached more than 92.3 billion pounds, the ethic of killing and eating animals as well as the concern of the environmental burden caused by the production of meats is debatable. However, animal based diet is necessary for the human body to functionRead MoreProblems Associated with Celiac Disease and Lactose Intolerance1172 Words   |  5 Pagescatalysts, which cause reactions to occur. The two primary classe s of enzymes for maintaining life functions are digestive and metabolic enzymes. The primary digestive enzymes are classified as proteases, amylases and lipases. These enzymes can help breakdown food molecules. Metabolic enzymes are responsible for the repairing and structuring of every cell. Inadequate production of digestive enzymes can have a negative impact on the breakdown of food into the various nutrients our bodies require. Problems

The Millennial Generation Carrie Diaries - 2369 Words

For Thanksgiving, my roommate invited me to spend the holiday with her at her uncle’s house back in New York City. They welcomed me into their home when I arrived. Then my roommate and I passed the time downstairs before dinner.I don’t remember the conversation, but it led us to watch a show called The Carrie Diaries.. Saya told me how it’s the perfect show for me to watch. The Carrie Diaries features one of the most iconic characters of the millennial generation: a young small town girl who learns to think for herself and turns into a sharp and insightful writer. Carrie would start each episode by saying: â€Å" Before there was Sex, before there was The City, there was just me. Carrie. Carrie Bradshaw. From Castleburry, Connecticut.†.She was just a small town girl who moved to New York, where she got a job with interview Magazine. As she experiences important moments in her life -â€Å"sex and the city† is the way she terms them- she turns into a thoughtful and skilled writer. I related to her because I too have had these significant moments in my life that made me evolve and change into the person that I am right now. I too have memories and â€Å" adventures† of some kind that shaped the way my mind functions, and the way I see the world and think about what’s currently happening in it. I guess the first major life changing moment was leaving Egypt after my parents got divorced. I don’t exactly remember what happened between my parents but i know it didn’t end well. My sisters and

The Airplane Game free essay sample

When we were younger and on vacation, my sisters and I often grew bored inside our hotel rooms, so we fashioned a game we dubbed â€Å"The Airplane Game†. The hotel bathtub was the airplane, magazine subscription cards were the money, and the beds were the duty free shops. My eldest sister was always the air hostess in charge of our departure, while my other sister and I were the ditzy passengers. The plane would be boarding yet we’d stop by the beds to purchase sweets, losing track of time whilst analysing the Skittles section. Just as the airplane was leaving, we’d make it to the bathroom. Unfortunately for us it would be racing down the tarmac as we’d be entering, leaving us with a foot outside the tub, assuring our death. By this time we’d all be breathless with laughter. This game never seemed to lose its power to entertain. We will write a custom essay sample on The Airplane Game or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Years went by and we outgrew â€Å"The Airplane Game†, but the misty memories remained. As it often happens with time gone by, things changed. My father was presented with the opportunity to work in a foreign country and my sisters moved to boarding school and college. My family’s structure began to disintegrate, ultimately crumbling with my parent’s separation. For my freshman and sophomore year of high school I was consumed by my parent’s divorce. I became careless and unfocused, my academics took a backseat, and occupying my thoughts with diverting nonsense became a full-time job. I embodied the ditzy passenger unable to board the plane in an appropriate fashion, losing track of what was important through meaningless distractions. This changed the summer following my sophomore year when I attended Pratt Institute’s Pre-College program. The experience allowed me to interact with people with personalities far different from the ones I was used to and unveiled a world of possibilities I never knew existed. Involving myself with diverse perspectives and backgrounds made me realize that I was not only well off, but what I deemed problems were merely difficulties I would eventually overcome. Sure my parents weren’t together and change was imminent, but it was something I needed, something that encouraged me to step out of my comfort zone. I thereafter decided to strive in every aspect. I grew to not only enjoy my classes, but the process of learning. I joined clubs, continued playing the piano, and improved my French through three summers spent in France. I became more confident in my writing and ultimately had poetry published. Over the years I’ve come to the realization that â€Å"The Airplane Game† was much more than a way to pass the time; it now seems like a harbinger of the future. Carelessness breeds insecurity, especially when planning for the imminent. I may have taken off with a leg outside the plane, but these past two years have taught me that with effort and determination, I can always pull myself back in.

Title Landfills - Fact Is More Ominous Than Fiction It Has Long Been

Title: Landfills - Fact is more ominous than fiction It has long been believed that the largest entity brought upon the Earth by humankind is the Pyramid of the Sun, constructed in Mexico around the start of the Christian era. The mammoth structure commands nearly thirty million cubic feet of space. In contrast, however, is the Durham Road Landfill, outside San Francisco, which occupies over seventy million cubic feet of the biosphere. It is a sad monument, indeed, to the excesses of modern society [Gore 151]. One might assume such a monstrous mound of garbage is the largest thing ever produced by human hands. Unhappily, this is not the case. The Fresh Kills Landfill, located on Staten Island, is the largest landfill in the world. It sports an elevation of 155 feet, an estimated mass of 100 million tons, and a volume of 2.9 billion cubic feet. In total acreage, it is equal to 16,000 baseball diamonds [Miller 526]. By the year 2005, when the landfill is projected to close, its elevati on will reach 505 feet above sea level, making it the highest point along the Eastern Seaboard, Florida to Maine. At that height, the mound will constitute a hazard to air traffic at Newark airport [Rathje 3-4]. Fresh Kills (Kills is from the Dutch word for creek) was originally a tidal marsh. In 1948, New York City planner Robert Moses developed a highly praised project to deposit municipal garbage in the swamp until the level of the land was above sea level. A study of the area predicted the marsh would be filled by the year 1968. He then planned to develop the area, building houses and attracting light industry. Mayor Impelliteri issued a report titled "The Fresh Kills Landfill Project" in 1951. The report stated, in part, that the enterprise "cannot fail to affect constructively a wide area around it." The report ended by stating, "It is at once practical and idealistic" [Rathje 4]. One must appreciate the irony in the fact that Robert Moses was, in his day, considered a leading conservationist. His major accomplishments include asphalt parking lots throughout the New York metro area, paved roads in and out of city parks, and development of Jones Beach, now the most polluted, dirty, overcrowded piece of shoreline in the Northeast. In Stewart Udall's book The Quiet Crisis, the former Secretary of the Interior lavishes praise on Moses. The JFK cabinet member calls Jones Beach "an imaginative solution ... (the) supreme answer to the ever-present problems of overcrowding" [Udall 163-4]. JFK's introduction to the book provides this foreboding passage: "Each generation must deal anew with the raiders, with the scramble to use public resources for private profit, and with the tendency to prefer short-run profits to long-run necessities. The crisis may be quiet, but it is urgent" [Udall xii]. Oddly, the subject of landfills is never broached in Udall's book; in 1963, the issue was, in fact, a non-issue. A modern state-of-the-art sanitary landfill is a graveyard fo r garbage, where deposited wastes are compacted, spread in thin layers, and covered daily with clay or synthetic foam. The modern landfill is lined with multiple, impermeable layers of clay, sand, and plastic before any garbage is deposited. This liner prevents liquids, called leachates, from percolating into the groundwater. Leachates result from rain water mixing with fluids in the garbage, making a highly toxic "juice" containing inks, heavy metals, and other poisonous compounds. Ideally, leachates are pumped up from collection points along the bottom of the landfill and either shipped to liquid waste disposal points or re-introduced into the upper layers of garbage, to resume the cycle. Unfortunately, most landfills have no such pumping system [Miller 527]. Until the formation of the Environmental Protection Agency by Nixon in 1970, there were virtually no regulations governing the construction, operation, and closure of landfills. As a result, 85 percent of all landfills extant in this country are unlined. Many are located in close proximity to aquifers or other groundwater features, or near geologically unstable sites. Many older landfills are leaching toxins into our water supply at this very moment, with no way to stop them. For example, the Fresh Kills landfill leaks an estimated

Quetzalcoatl - Pan-Mesoamerican Feathered Serpent God

Quetzalcoatl - Pan-Mesoamerican Feathered Serpent God Quetzalcoatl pronounced Keh-tzal-coh-WAH-tul and roughly translated as the Feathered Serpent, the Plumed Serpent or the Quetzal-Feathered Serpent, is the name of an important Mesoamerican deity who was worshiped throughout the region in one form or another for 1,200 years. Key Takeaways: Quetzalcoatl Quetzalcoatl is the name of a central Mexican deity, closely related to the morning star, Venus.  He appears in Post-classic tales from the Maya, Toltec, and Aztec cultures.As an Aztec deity, he was one of four sons of the creator god Ometeotl, associated with the wind god, and the patron god of arts and knowledge.A persistent myth about the conquistador Hernan Cortà ©s being mistaken for Quetzalcoatl is almost certainly false.   During the Postclassic period (900–1521 CE), several cultures- including the Maya, Toltecs, Aztecs and other polities in Central Mexico- all practiced some version of the cult which had formed around the legends of Quetzalcoatl. However, the majority of information about this god comes from Aztec/Mexica sources, including surviving Aztec codexes, as well as oral history told to the Spanish conquistadors. The Pan-Mesoamerican Quetzalcoatl The pyramid of Quetzalcoatl (god of the feathered serpent) is showing the alternating Tlaloc (left, with goggle eyes, a god of rain, fertility, and water) and feathered serpent (right, with a collar of feathers) heads. stockcam / iStock / Getty Images The earliest example of Quetzalcoatl, or at least a Feathered Serpent god, comes from the Classic period (200–600 CE) city of Teotihuacn, where one of the main temples, the Temple of Quetzalcoatl in the Ciudadela, is decorated with carvings of feathered serpents. Among the Classic Maya, the figure of a feathered serpent is illustrated in many stone monuments and murals and is often related to the worship of royal ancestors. During the Terminal Classic or Epiclassic (650–1000 CE) period, the cult of the Feathered Serpent spread dramatically throughout Mesoamerica, including the central Mexico centers of Xochicalco, Cholula, and Cacaxtla. The most famous example of the Mayan Quetzalcoatl cult is reflected in the architectural aspects of Chichà ©n Itz in the Yucatn Peninsula, where Maya Puuc styles are contrasted with those of the Quetzalcoatl-inspired Toltec. According to local and colonial legends, the Toltec shaman/king Quetzalcoatl (known as Kukulcan in the Maya language) arrived in the Maya region after having been ousted by political rivals, bringing with him not just a new architectural style but a new set of religious and political practices associated with militarism and human sacrifice. The Origins of Aztec Quetzalcoatl Experts on Mesoamerican religion believe that the Aztec (1325–1521 CE) figure of Quetzalcoatl began with the legend of the pan-Mesoamerican god and blended in a historical Tollan leader, Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl, who reportedly lived 843–895 CE). This man was a heroic figure, probably a king and/or a priest, who left his home in the Toltec capital of Tula chased out by traitorous priests, but promising to return. The Aztecs considered the Tollan leader the ideal king; more details are found in the legend of the Toltecs. The story undeniably echoes the Mayan story, but whether or not this legend is based on real events is still under debate among scholars. Quetzalcoatl as Aztec Deity Quetzalcoatl, the Toltec and Aztec god; the plumed serpent, god of the wind, learning and the priesthood, master of life, creator and civiliser, patron of every art and inventor of metallurgy, in the Codex Borbonicus. Bridgeman Art Library / Getty Images Quetzalcoatl the deity was one of four sons of the creator god Ometeotl in his male form Ometecuhtli (â€Å"Two-Lord†) and his female form, Omecihuatl (â€Å"Two-Lady†), and brother of Tezcatlipoca, Xipe Totec, and Huitzilopochtli. The Aztecs called their era the time of the 5th Sun- there had been four previous versions of the earth and its people, each ruled by different gods. According to the Aztec Legend of the Suns, Quetzalcoatl ruled over the second Sun of Aztec creation. He was a creator god, associated with the wind god (Ehecatl) and the planet Venus. Quetzalcoatl was also the patron god of arts and knowledge. He was one of the most human-loving of the gods in the Aztec pantheon. He was the god who met with an ant to provide humans with their first maize to plant, and he was responsible for saving all humanity at the beginning of the Fifth Sun. Quetzalcoatl and the Bones of the Ancestors At the end of the fourth sun, so it is told, all humanity was drowned, and after the creation of the fifth sun, Quetzalcoatl descended into the underworld (Mictlan) to negotiate with the god of the underworld (Mictlantecuhtli) the return of humanitys bones so the earth could be repopulated. When Mictlantecuhtli proved unwilling to give them back, Quetzalcoatl stole the bones. In his hasty retreat, he was startled by a quail and tripped and broke them (which is why humans come in a range of different sizes), but managed to carry the bones to the paradise of Tamoanchan, where the goddess Cihuacoatl ground them up and placed them in a jade bowl. Then Quetzalcoatl and other gods performed the first auto-sacrifice  when they shed their blood over the bones and endowed them with life, thus lumbering humanity with a debt that had to be repaid by abundant human sacrifices. The Cortà ©s Myth Quetzalcoatl’s fame is also linked to a persistent story about Hernan Cortà ©s, the Spanish conquistador credited with conquering the Aztec Empire. The story is that the last emperor Motecuhzoma (sometimes spelled Montezuma or Moctezuma) mistook Cortà ©s for the returning god, based on the supposed resemblance between the Spanish conquistador and the god. This story, detailed in Spanish records, is almost certainly false, but how it arose is a fascinating story itself. One possible theory for the origin of this story is that the Spanish misinterpreted the welcoming speech pronounced by the Aztec king. In this speech, if it ever happened, Motecuhzoma used a form of Aztec politeness that was mistaken by the Spanish for a form of submission. Other scholars suggest that the idea that Cortà ©s  and Quetzalcoatl were confused by the Mexica was entirely created by Franciscan friars, and elaborated during the post-Conquest period. Most interestingly, according to Smith (2013), some scholars attribute the origin of the Cortà ©s  myth to the Nahua nobility themselves, who invented it and told it to the Spanish to explain why Motecuhzoma hesitated to attack the conquering forces. It was the nobility who created the prophecy, a series of omens and signs, and claimed that Motecuhzoma truly believed Cortes to have been Quetzalcoatl. Quetzalcoatl’s Images The figure of Quetzalcoatl is represented in many different ways according to different epochs and Mesoamerican cultures. He is both represented in his non-human form as a feathered serpent with plumage along its body and around the head, as well as in his human form, especially among the Aztecs and in Colonial codices. In his human aspect, he is often depicted in dark colors with a red beak, symbolizing Ehecatl, the wind god; and wearing a cut shell as a pendant, symbolizing Venus. In many images, he is depicted wearing a plumed headdress and carrying a plumed shield. Quetzalcoatl Cult Centers Numerous circular temples (at Texcoco, Calixtlahuaca, Tlatelolco, and in the Pino Suarez metro station in Mexico City) are dedicated to Quetzalcoatl in the guise of Ecahtl, constructed without corners so the wind could easily blow around them. Extant temples dedicated to the cult of Quetzalcoatl have been identified at many Mesoamerican sites, such as Xochicalco, Teotihuacan, Cholula, Cempoala, Tula, Mayapan, and Chichen Itza. Edited and updated by K. Kris Hirst. Sources Berdan, Frances F. Aztec Archaeology and Ethnohistory. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Print.Carrasco, David, Lindsay Jones, and Scott Sessions, eds. Mesoamericas Classic Heritage: From Teotihuacan to the Aztecs. Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2002. Print.Milbrath, Susan. Maya Astronomical Observations and the Agricultural Cycle in the Postclassic Madrid Codex. Ancient Mesoamerica 28.2 (2017): 489–505. Print.Miller, Mary E., and Karl Taube, eds. The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya: An Illustrated Dictionary of Mesoamerican Religion. London: Thames and Hudson, 1993. Print.Mysyk, Darlene Avis. Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca in Cuauhquechollan (Valley of Atlixco, Mexico). Estudios ee Cultura Nhuatl 43 (2012): 115–38. Print.Smith, Michael E. The Aztecs. 3rd ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013. Print.

KNBC's Channel 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

KNBC's Channel 4 - Essay Example It was almost too fast to follow and once a subject was completed, the feeling was one of wanting to know more. But the next subject was being discussed by then. The top stories covered in the April 30 newscast were, first, the Hollywood fire reported originally on April 29 and completely contained and put out by 8 am on April 30. One building and four small businesses were destroyed. It was like a firecracker that fizzled, although the anchors did try to make it interesting by mentioning familiar sites nearby such as the Pantages and Capitol Theaters and the building's location at the corner of Hollywood and Vine. The name of the restaurant may have been given, but it was not repeated. It was said to be similar to the Brown Derby. Also, Lindsey Lohan was mentioned as celebrating her 21st birthday at the restaurant/nightclub known for its erotic dancers. Although there apparently was no specific charge of arson, according to the anchors, because of earlier suspicious fires that might be arson, an investigation was underway to determine if the fire was accidental. KNBC does have a Web site and the story was presented in far more detail with video and photographs (Crews Investigate). The name of the restaurant was given on the Web site-Basque Restaurant and Nightclub. The second story to be presented was the May 1 protest at McArthur Park at which it was thought 25,000 to 100,000 people might attend. Because of clashes between police, demonstrators and journalists the year before, a low profile was planned by police. Previous use of force by police in 2007 embarassed both police and city officials, and the officers were retrained for the present protest. The protest was against federal immigration laws, which the Latino population felt were dividing families and were unfair. This was followed by the border protest "Stop the Mexican Government," which was quickly noted on the broadcast but not discussed in detail. The coverage of the protest was continued on Moyer and Williams' evening broadcast on May 1 and dominated the news hour, even though only 10,000 protestors showed up, not the expected 100,000, and there were no major disturbances. Again, the story again brought to mind a fizzled firecracker. The team announced the death of a San Francisco surfer killed on Monday, the 28th of April by a grey shark when he bled to death from a thigh injury. The fact that the incident occurred in Mexico was stressed. The federal interest rate was the next topic of discussion, cut .25% , which, it was noted, weakens the dollar once again. The broadcasters further discussed the fact that the government says there is no recession, even though the rising price of food and gas and the plummeting housing market does not confirm this. Except for obvious but unspoken criticism of President Bush, Moyer and Williams' political coverage was balanced with McCain offering tax credits re health costs, Hillary Clinton credited with appealing to blue collar workers, and Michelle Obama making no comment about Rev. Wright. Obama claims 10 super deligates and Hillary only 6. The final story presented was on the firefight across 580 acres of the Sierra Madre

Hazardous Materials Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hazardous Materials - Essay Example The other factors include; population density, location of the highways, waterways railroads as well as the areas whose environment is affected by the incidents. The hazardous material incident representatives such as the local and state environmental agencies can be used to provide information concerning the assessment of factors pose as a threat to the environment. Confinement and containment are first lines of defense that are used at the early stages of the incidents that are aimed at minimizing risks to life and the environment. In addition, the natural and synthetic methods can be used to limit the rate at which materials are released. In case a reported incident is taking place in a building, a telecommunicator should seek information from a caller about the contents of the building and the area that surrounds it. It is imperative to ask about the type of business in a building because it could be as an indicator of the hazardous materials .This information should be directed to responding units. A caller should inform a responder on the location and the nature of the hazardous material when it is safe to do so (DeLisi, 2006). Placards are used to identify the substance that co